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THE WEATHER BEAT · SEP 21

The coastal flood watch reached Hampton Roads at 2:22, and the gale watch reached Maryland at four

Wakefield put most of its tidal area under a coastal flood watch at 2:22, and by four the gale watch had reached up the Chesapeake into Maryland.

Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia
The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, which crosses the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay between Virginia Beach and the Eastern Shore of Virginia, photographed on 13 June 2014. Photo: Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 2.0. This crop carries the same licence.

Key points

  • NWS Wakefield issued Coastal Flood Watches at 2:22 p.m. EDT for most of its tidal area. Two to three feet of water above ground level is possible in Hampton Roads, on the Middle Peninsula, along the lower Northern Neck and on the Eastern Shore, from Wednesday afternoon through late Thursday night.
  • At 4 p.m. EDT the Baltimore and Washington office put the Maryland Chesapeake Bay, the tidal Potomac, the Choptank up to Cambridge and the Patuxent under a gale watch. The watch now runs from the ocean south of Nantucket to the Alligator River in North Carolina, held by six offices in 26 separate products.
  • The low doing all of this still does not exist. Wakefield's 3:05 p.m. EDT discussion credits strong northeast winds and cold air damming, and expects the tidal flooding to last several tide cycles, potentially through the end of the work week.
The Chincoteague Channel Swing Bridge on the causeway to Chincoteague Island, Virginia, photographed on 5 March 2009.
The Chincoteague Channel Swing Bridge on the causeway to Chincoteague Island, Virginia, photographed on 5 March 2009. Photo: Leonard J. DeFrancisci, Wikimedia Commons, CC BY-SA 3.0. This crop carries the same licence.

Wakefield wrote it down at 2:22

This morning the Virginia coast's flooding was a sentence in a forecast discussion. Nothing had been issued. The office said two to three feet of water above ground level was likely by Wednesday's afternoon and evening high tide, and left it at that, because the storm that would do it had not formed.

At 2:22 this afternoon the office signed the products. Six Coastal Flood Watches went out across Virginia, the lower Eastern Shore of Maryland and the top of North Carolina, and the number in them is the same number the forecaster used at dawn: up to two to three feet of inundation above ground level possible in low-lying areas near shorelines and tidal waterways.

The area is wide. Chesapeake, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach and Hampton are in it. So are Newport News, York, James City, Gloucester and Isle of Wight, and so are Accomack and Northampton out on the Eastern Shore, and Inland Worcester County in Maryland. Each of those watches says the same thing about consequences: numerous roads may be closed, low-lying property including homes, businesses and some critical infrastructure may be inundated, and some shoreline erosion may occur.

One watch starts earlier than the rest and runs longest. On the Middle Peninsula and the lower Northern Neck, the counties on the rivers that feed the bay from the west, the watch opens late Tuesday night and does not close until Friday morning.

watch areainundation possiblewhen
Chesapeake, Virginia Beach, Suffolk, Hampton and Poquoson, Norfolk, Portsmouth2 to 3 feet above groundWednesday afternoon through late Thursday night
Charles City, New Kent, Gloucester, Surry, James City, eastern King William, eastern King and Queen, York, Newport News, Isle of Wight2 to 3 feet above groundWednesday afternoon through late Thursday night
Westmoreland, Richmond, Northumberland, Lancaster, Middlesex, Mathews, Essex2 to 3 feet above groundlate Tuesday night through Friday morning
Inland Worcester MD, Accomack VA, Northampton VA2 to 3 feet above groundWednesday afternoon through late Thursday night
Dorchester, Wicomico, Somerset MD1 to 2 feet above groundWednesday evening through late Thursday night
Eastern Currituck NC1 to 2 feet above groundWednesday morning through late Thursday night

Sourced from the six NWS Wakefield Coastal Flood Watches listed in the payload, all sent 2:22 p.m. EDT today and read at 8:20 p.m. UTC.

The gale watch went up the bay at four

Earlier today the first coastal flood headlines of the week came out of Mount Holly for southern New Jersey and Delaware, and the marine watches were an ocean story: deep water, offshore, out past the shipping lanes. By this evening the watch had walked inland.

Wakefield's 1:04 p.m. EDT products cover the Chesapeake Bay from Smith Point down to Cape Henry, including the stretch that carries the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, plus the James River up to the Hampton Roads bridge and the Elizabeth River with it. Morehead City took the Albemarle, Croatan and Roanoke Sounds and the Alligator River at 1:58 p.m. EDT. Mount Holly added the Delaware Bay at 1:39 p.m. EDT. Then at 4 p.m. EDT the Baltimore and Washington office put the Maryland half of the bay under a watch too, along with the tidal Potomac as far up as Cobb Island, the Choptank River to Cambridge, and the Patuxent to Broomes Island.

That is a gale watch on rivers, in sounds, and on water that people cross on a bridge to get to work. The wind is the same wind in every one of those products, out of the northeast, for days.

The numbers are worst where the water is deepest and the fetch is longest. They are smallest in the sounds and the bays, and the small ones matter more, because the small ones are where the tide has somewhere to pile up.

gale watch areaofficewind and gusts possibleseas or waveswhen
Oregon Inlet to Cape Hatteras NC, coastal and offshoreNewport and Morehead City NCNE 25 to 35 kt, gusts 4014 to 19 ftWednesday evening through Friday morning
Duck to Oregon Inlet NC, offshore 20 to 60 NMNewport and Morehead City NCNE 25 to 30 kt, gusts 4513 to 18 ftWednesday afternoon through Friday morning
Sandy Hook NJ to Montauk Point NY, 20 to 60 NMUpton NYNE 25 to 35 kt, gusts 4011 to 16 ftTuesday evening through Thursday afternoon
Ocean waters, Montauk NY to Nantucket MA, 25 to 60 NMBoston and Norton MANE 25 to 35 kt, gusts 4510 to 15 ftTuesday afternoon through Thursday afternoon
Fenwick Island DE to Parramore Island VA, out 20 NMWakefield VANE 25 to 35 kt, gusts 459 to 14 ftTuesday night onward, per product
Chesapeake Bay, New Point Comfort to Cape Henry VA, including the Bridge-TunnelWakefield VANE 25 to 35 kt, gusts 45waves 5 to 8 ftlate Tuesday night through Thursday evening
Chesapeake Bay, Smith Point to New Point Comfort VAWakefield VANE 25 to 30 kt, gusts 40waves 3 to 6 ftlate Tuesday night through Thursday afternoon
Albemarle, Croatan and Roanoke Sounds, Alligator RiverNewport and Morehead City NCNE 25 to 35 kt, gusts 45extremely rough watersper product, Tuesday onward
Delaware BayMount Holly NJNE 20 to 30 kt, gusts 40very rough watersper product, Tuesday onward
Maryland Chesapeake Bay, tidal Potomac, Choptank to Cambridge, PatuxentBaltimore and WashingtonNE 15 to 25 kt, gusts 35waves 2 to 4 ftWednesday morning through late Wednesday night
Long Island Sound east, Peconic and Gardiners Bays, south shore baysUpton NYNE 15 to 25 kt, gusts 353 to 5 ftper product, Tuesday onward

Sourced from the 26 active Gale Watches listed in the payload, read at 8:20 p.m. UTC today. Every figure above is the watch level, the possible case, not the advisory conditions the same products expect first. Worth saying plainly: nobody on the East Coast has issued a gale warning. All nine gale warnings active in the country tonight belong to Anchorage and Juneau, in Alaska, for a different weather system entirely.

What the office says is doing it

Wakefield's 3:05 p.m. EDT discussion opens with what changed since the last one, and it is a short list: the flood watches for a large majority of the tidal area, and the gale watches off the North Carolina coast for Wednesday through Friday morning. Two other lines in the same paragraph say the office lowered its Wednesday and Thursday high temperatures further, as cold air damming sets up, and that the Weather Prediction Center introduced a slight risk of excessive rainfall for roughly the western half of the area for Tuesday.

The mechanism, in the office's own third key message, is not the low itself. It is the wind: widespread moderate to locally major tidal flooding, two to three feet above ground level in vulnerable areas, is likely because of strong northeast winds, and the flooding is expected to continue for several tide cycles, potentially through the end of the work week, given the persistent northeast winds.

Canadian high pressure sits to the north. A low is expected to deepen offshore. Between them the air runs one direction for days, and it runs at the coast. The office expects widespread coastal gusts to 25 mph Tuesday, rising to 35 and up to 45 mph along the Atlantic side of the Eastern Shore, naming Ocean City and Chincoteague, Tuesday night into Wednesday, and holds open the possibility of 40 to 45 mph gusts lasting through at least Thursday.

The rest of the week, in that office's area, is cool and wet and unremarkable. Highs in the low to mid 60s inland to the north and west on Wednesday, low to mid 70s toward the southeast. The discussion also notes a secondary surface low may form late Thursday into Friday and pull the main centre a little closer to the coast, which is the part nobody can pin down yet.

This afternoon the same office measured the front it has been writing about all day: readings in the upper 60s at Ocean City and around 90 degrees at the far southern edge of its area, with most places between in the upper 70s to mid 80s. One boundary, twenty-some degrees across it.

Two and a half days from now, the tide will do what the wind tells it. That is the whole forecast, and the useful thing is that it was written down early enough to move a car.

This is a summary of official warnings, not emergency information. For live warnings see weather.gov and your local officials. The National Weather Service pages for these areas are at https://www.weather.gov/akq/, https://www.weather.gov/lwx/, https://www.weather.gov/mhx/, https://www.weather.gov/phi/, https://www.weather.gov/okx/ and https://www.weather.gov/box/.

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